German physicist, the creator of relativity theory, one of the founders of quantum theory and statistical physics. Born March 14, 1879, Ulm, Germany. Once removed brother musicologist Alfred Einstein (1880 - 1952). He lived in Switzerland (since 1893), Germany (since 1914), USA (since 1933). 1900 - graduated from the Zurich Polytechnic. He worked as a teacher, first in Winterthur, and then Shafhauzene. 1902 - received the expert's position in the federal patent office in Bern, where he worked until 1909. In those years have been set up special theory of relativity, completed a study on statistical physics, Brownian motion, the theory of radiation and other works became known, and in 1909 he

1913 - Elected member of Prussian and the Bavarian Academy of Sciences. 1914 - moved to Berlin, becoming the director of Physical Institute and professor of Berlin University. It was completed the general theory of relativity. 1921 - Nobel prize for work in 1905 in the photo and work in theoretical physics. He took part in the anti-war struggle in the early 30-ies. 1933 - left Germany, later as a protest against fascism, renounce German nationality, resigned from the academy and moved to Princeton, New Jersey (USA), where he became a member of the Institute of Advanced Studies (Institute for Advanced Study). He was engaged to cosmology and the unified field theory. 1939 - on the advice of physicists concerned about the development of atomic bombs in Nazi Germany, sent a letter to President FD Roosevelt, which had launched the Organization for Nuclear Research in the U.S. - Manhettenskomu Project (Manhattan Project) - the program works to build atomic bombs. Served against fascism, war, the use of nuclear weapons.

In 1946 Einstein helped negrityanskomu singer Paul Robson organize a rally, a demonstration against the lynching of Blacks. When in February 1950 for passing secret information to Soviet Union, was arrested Dr. Klaus Fuchs, a physicist and member of the German origin Manhettenskogo project, the FBI has redoubled efforts to search for spies, and became closely monitor Einstein. In 50 years of front-page splash became calls to pardon the scientist spouses Rosenberg, awarded to the death of atomic espionage, and its calls for Americans not to testify subcommittee Senator McCarthy. Agents of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the FBI, and other similar organizations for years were behind him spying, with the most ridiculous suspicions. Such as puschennym someone hearing that when he was in his Berlin, he was a Soviet spy.

Representatives tracking departments concerned patsifistskaya its activities and support for groups involved in civil rights, as well as the fantastic accusations that Einstein allegedly developed some "Rays of death" or headed by a communist plot against Hollywood. Although the surveillance did not bring any evidence, discrediting Einstein, the FBI continued to monitor the scientist until his death, and in collaboration with the Immigration Department, even considering whether to deport him from the U.S.. Some points of the story became known in 1983 when Dr. Richard Allan Schwartz, professor of English literature from Florida International University in Miami, had obtained a copy of a reduced 1400-page "case", institutions the FBI to Einstein, and publish this article in the political weekly "Nation." One of the initiators of the State of Israel. He was a member of several scientific societies and academies of the world. 1922 - Foreign Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 1926 - Foreign Honorary Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. He died April 18, 1955 in Princeton, USA.